Plain indexes are indexes that are created one-time by fetching data at creation from one or several sources. A plain index is immutable as documents cannot be added or deleted during it's lifespan. It is only possible to update values of numeric attributes (including MVA). Refreshing the data is only possible by recreating the whole index.

Plain indexes are available only in Plain mode and their definition is made of an index declaration and one or several source declarations. The data gathering and index creation is not made by the searchd server, but by the auxiliary tool indexer.

Indexer is a command line tool that can be called directly from the command line or from shell scripts.

It can accept a number of arguments when called, but there are also several settings of it's own in the Manticore configuration file.

In the typical scenario, indexer does the following:

• fetches the data from the source
• builds the plain index
• writes the index files
• (optional) informs search server about the new index which triggers index rotation

General syntax for indexer is as follows:

indexer [OPTIONS] [indexname1 [indexname2 [...]]]

An important thing to keep in mind when creating indexes with indexer is that the generated index files must be made with permissions that allow searchd to read, write and even delete them. In case of Linux official packages searchd runs under manticore user. In this case indexer must also run under manticore user:

sudo -u manticore indexer ...

If you are running searchd (Manticore Search server) differently you might need to omit sudo -u manticore, just make sure that the user under which your searchd instance is running has read/write permissions to your indexes that you generate using indexer.

Essentially you would list the different possible indexes (that you would later make available to search) in manticore.conf, so when calling indexer, as a minimum you need to be telling it what index (or indexes) you want to index. If manticore.conf contained details on 2 indexes, mybigindex and mysmallindex, you could do the following:

sudo -u manticore indexer mysmallindex mybigindex

Wildcarding on index names is also supported. The following wildcard tokens can be used:

• ? matches any single character
• * matches any count of any characters
• % matches none or any single character

sudo -u manticore indexer indexpart*main --rotate

The exit codes are as follows:

• 0 - everything went ok
• 1 - there was a problem while indexing (and if –-rotate was specified, it was skipped) or an operation emitted a warning
• 2 - indexing went ok, but –-rotate attempt failed

• --config <file> (-c <file> for short) tells indexer to use the given file as its configuration. Normally, it will look for manticore.conf in the installation directory (e.g. /etc/manticoresearch/manticore.conf), followed by the current directory you are in when calling indexer from the shell. This is most of use in shared environments where the binary files are installed in a global folder, e.g. /usr/bin/, but you want to provide users with the ability to make their own custom Manticore set-ups, or if you want to run multiple instances on a single server. In cases like those you could allow them to create their own manticore.conf files and pass them to indexer with this option. For example:

sudo -u manticore indexer --config /home/myuser/manticore.conf myindex

• --all tells indexer to update every index listed in manticore.conf instead of listing individual indexes. This would be useful in small configurations or cron-kind or maintenance jobs where the entire index set will get rebuilt each day or week or whatever period is best. Please note that since --all tries to update all found indexes in the configuration, it will issue a warning if encounters RealTime indexes and the exit code of the command will be 1 not 0 even if the plain indexes finished without issue. Example usage:

sudo -u manticore indexer --config /home/myuser/manticore.conf --all

• --rotate is used for rotating indexes. Unless you have the situation where you can take the search function offline without troubling users you will almost certainly need to keep search running whilst indexing new documents. --rotate creates a second index, parallel to the first (in the same place, simply including .new in the filenames). Once complete, indexer notifies searchd via sending the SIGHUP signal, and the searchd will attempt to rename the indexes (renaming the existing ones to include .old and renaming the .new to replace them), and then will start serving from the newer files. Depending on the setting of seamless_rotate there may be a slight delay in being able to search the newer indexes. In case multiple indexes are rotated at once which are chained by killlist_target relations rotation will start with the indexes that are not targets and finish with the ones at the end of target chain. Example usage:

sudo -u manticore indexer --rotate --all

• --quiet tells indexer not to output anything, unless there is an error. This is mostly used for cron-type or other scripted jobs where the output is irrelevant or unnecessary, except in the event of some kind of error. Example usage:

sudo -u manticore indexer --rotate --all --quiet

• --noprogress does not display progress details as they occur. Instead, the final status details (such as documents indexed, speed of indexing and so on are only reported at completion of indexing. In instances where the script is not being run on a console (or 'tty'), this will be on by default. Example usage:

sudo -u manticore indexer --rotate --all --noprogress

• --buildstops <outputfile.text> <N> reviews the index source, as if it were indexing the data, and produces a list of the terms that are being indexed. In other words, it produces a list of all the searchable terms that are becoming part of the index. Note, it does not update the index in question, it simply processes the data as if it were indexing, including running queries defined with sql_query_pre or sql_query_post. outputfile.txt will contain the list of words, one per line, sorted by frequency with most frequent first, and N specifies the maximum number of words that will be listed. If it's sufficiently large to encompass every word in the index, only that many words will be returned. Such a dictionary list could be used for client application features around "Did you mean…" functionality, usually in conjunction with --buildfreqs, below. Example:

sudo -u manticore indexer myindex --buildstops word_freq.txt 1000

This would produce a document in the current directory, word_freq.txt with the 1,000 most common words in 'myindex', ordered by most common first. Note that the file will pertain to the last index indexed when specified with multiple indexes or --all (i.e. the last one listed in the configuration file)

• --buildfreqs works with --buildstops (and is ignored if --buildstops is not specified). As --buildstops provides the list of words used within the index, --buildfreqs adds the quantity present in the index, which would be useful in establishing whether certain words should be considered stopwords if they are too prevalent. It will also help with developing "Did you mean…" features where you need to know how much more common a given word compared to another, similar one. Example:

sudo -u manticore indexer myindex --buildstops word_freq.txt 1000 --buildfreqs

This would produce the word_freq.txt as above, however after each word would be the number of times it occurred in the index in question.

• --merge <dst-index> <src-index> is used for physically merging indexes together, for example if you have a main+delta scheme, where the main index rarely changes, but the delta index is rebuilt frequently, and --merge would be used to combine the two. The operation moves from right to left - the contents of src-index get examined and physically combined with the contents of dst-index and the result is left in dst-index. In pseudo-code, it might be expressed as: dst-index += src-index An example:

sudo -u manticore indexer --merge main delta --rotate

In the above example, where the main is the master, rarely modified index, and the delta is more frequently modified one, you might use the above to call indexer to combine the contents of the delta into the main index and rotate the indexes.

• --merge-dst-range <attr> <min> <max> runs the filter range given upon merging. Specifically, as the merge is applied to the destination index (as part of --merge, and is ignored if --merge is not specified), indexer will also filter the documents ending up in the destination index, and only documents will pass through the filter given will end up in the final index. This could be used for example, in an index where there is a 'deleted' attribute, where 0 means 'not deleted'. Such an index could be merged with:

sudo -u manticore indexer --merge main delta --merge-dst-range deleted 0 0

Any documents marked as deleted (value 1) would be removed from the newly-merged destination index. It can be added several times to the command line, to add successive filters to the merge, all of which must be met in order for a document to become part of the final index.

• --merge-killlists (and its shorter alias --merge-klists) changes the way kill lists are processed when merging indexes. By default, both kill lists get discarded after a merge. That supports the most typical main+delta merge scenario. With this option enabled, however, kill lists from both indexes get concatenated and stored into the destination index. Note that a source (delta) index kill list will be used to suppress rows from a destination (main) index at all times.
• --keep-attrs allows to reuse existing attributes on reindexing. Whenever the index is rebuilt, each new document id is checked for presence in the "old" index, and if it already exists, its attributes are transferred to the "new" index; if not found, attributes from the new index are used. If the user has updated attributes in the index, but not in the actual source used for the index, all updates will be lost when reindexing; using –keep-attrs enables saving the updated attribute values from the previous index. It is possible to specify a path for index files to used instead of reference path from config:

sudo -u manticore indexer myindex --keep-attrs=/path/to/index/files

• --keep-attrs-names=<attributes list> allows to specify attributes to reuse from existing index on reindexing. By default all attributes from existed index reused at new "index":

sudo -u manticore indexer myindex --keep-attrs=/path/to/index/files --keep-attrs-names=update,state

• --dump-rows <FILE> dumps rows fetched by SQL source(s) into the specified file, in a MySQL compatible syntax. Resulting dumps are the exact representation of data as received by indexer and help to repeat indexing-time issues. The command performs fetching from the source and creates both index files and the dump file.
• --print-rt <rt_index> <index> outputs fetched data from source as INSERTs for a real-time index. The first lines of the dump will contain the real-time fields and attributes (as a reflection of the plain index fields and attributes). The command performs fetching from the source and creates both index files and the dump output. The command can be used as sudo -u manticore indexer -c manticore.conf --print-rt indexrt indexplain > dump.sql. Only sql-based sources are supported. MVAs are not supported.
• --sighup-each is useful when you are rebuilding many big indexes, and want each one rotated into searchd as soon as possible. With --sighup-each, indexer will send the SIGHUP signal to searchd after successfully completing work on each index. (The default behavior is to send a single SIGHUP after all the indexes are built).
• --nohup is useful when you want to check your index with indextool before actually rotating it. indexer won't send the SIGHUP if this option is on. Index files are renamed to .tmp. Use indextool to rename index files to .new and rotate it. Example usage:

sudo -u manticore indexer --rotate --nohup myindex
sudo -u manticore indextool --rotate --check myindex

• --print-queries prints out SQL queries that indexer sends to the database, along with SQL connection and disconnection events. That is useful to diagnose and fix problems with SQL sources.
• --help (-h for short) lists all of the parameters that can be called in indexer.
• -v shows indexer version.

You can also configure indexer behaviour in Manticore configuration file in section indexer:

indexer {
...
}

lemmatizer_cache = 256M

Lemmatizer cache size. Optional, default is 256K.

Our lemmatizer implementation uses a compressed dictionary format that enables a space/speed tradeoff. It can either perform lemmatization off the compressed data, using more CPU but less RAM, or it can decompress and precache the dictionary either partially or fully, thus using less CPU but more RAM. And the lemmatizer_cache directive lets you control how much RAM exactly can be spent for that uncompressed dictionary cache.

Currently, the only available dictionaries are ru.pak, en.pak, and de.pak. These are the Russian, English and German dictionaries. The compressed dictionary is approximately 2 to 10 MB in size. Note that the dictionary stays in memory at all times, too. The default cache size is 256 KB. The accepted cache sizes are 0 to 2047 MB. It's safe to raise the cache size too high; the lemmatizer will only use the needed memory. For instance, the entire Russian dictionary decompresses to approximately 110 MB; and thus setting lemmatizer_cache anywhere higher than that will not affect the memory use: even when 1024 MB is allowed for the cache, if only 110 MB is needed, it will only use those 110 MB.

On our benchmarks, the total indexing time with different cache sizes was as follows:

• 9.07 sec, morphology = lemmatize_ru, lemmatizer_cache = 0
• 8.60 sec, morphology = lemmatize_ru, lemmatizer_cache = 256K
• 8.33 sec, morphology = lemmatize_ru, lemmatizer_cache = 8M
• 7.95 sec, morphology = lemmatize_ru, lemmatizer_cache = 128M
• 6.85 sec, morphology = stem_ru (baseline)

Your mileage may vary, but a simple rule of thumb would be to either go with the small default 256 KB cache when pressed for memory, or spend 128 MB extra RAM and cache the entire dictionary for maximum indexing performance.

max_file_field_buffer = 128M

Maximum file field adaptive buffer size, bytes. Optional, default is 8MB, minimum is 1MB.

File field buffer is used to load files referred to from sql_file_field columns. This buffer is adaptive, starting at 1 MB at first allocation, and growing in 2x steps until either file contents can be loaded, or maximum buffer size, specified by max_file_field_buffer directive, is reached.

Thus, if there are no file fields are specified, no buffer is allocated at all. If all files loaded during indexing are under (for example) 2 MB in size, but max_file_field_buffer value is 128 MB, peak buffer usage would still be only 2 MB. However, files over 128 MB would be entirely skipped.

max_iops = 40

Maximum I/O operations per second, for I/O throttling. Optional, default is 0 (unlimited).

I/O throttling related option. It limits maximum count of I/O operations (reads or writes) per any given second. A value of 0 means that no limit is imposed.

indexer can cause bursts of intensive disk I/O during indexing, and it might be desired to limit its disk activity (and keep something for other programs running on the same machine, such as searchd). I/O throttling helps to do that. It works by enforcing a minimum guaranteed delay between subsequent disk I/O operations performed by indexer. Limiting indexing I/O can help reduce search performance degradation caused by indexing.

max_iosize = 1048576

Maximum allowed I/O operation size, in bytes, for I/O throttling. Optional, default is 0 (unlimited).

I/O throttling related option. It limits maximum file I/O operation (read or write) size for all operations performed by indexer. A value of 0 means that no limit is imposed. Reads or writes that are bigger than the limit will be split in several smaller operations, and counted as several operation by max_iops setting. At the time of this writing, all I/O calls should be under 256 KB (default internal buffer size) anyway, so max_iosize values higher than 256 KB must not affect anything.

max_xmlpipe2_field = 8M

Maximum allowed field size for XMLpipe2 source type, bytes. Optional, default is 2 MB.

mem_limit = 256M
# mem_limit = 262144K # same, but in KB
# mem_limit = 268435456 # same, but in bytes

Indexing RAM usage limit. Optional, default is 128M. Enforced memory usage limit that the indexer will not go above. Can be specified in bytes, or kilobytes (using K postfix), or megabytes (using M postfix); see the example. This limit will be automatically raised if set to extremely low value causing I/O buffers to be less than 8 KB; the exact lower bound for that depends on the indexed data size. If the buffers are less than 256 KB, a warning will be produced.

Maximum possible limit is 2047M. Too low values can hurt indexing speed, but 256M to 1024M should be enough for most if not all datasets. Setting this value too high can cause SQL server timeouts. During the document collection phase, there will be periods when the memory buffer is partially sorted and no communication with the database is performed; and the database server can timeout. You can resolve that either by raising timeouts on SQL server side or by lowering mem_limit.

on_file_field_error = skip_document

How to handle IO errors in file fields. Optional, default is ignore_field. When there is a problem indexing a file referenced by a file field (sql_file_field), indexer can either index the document, assuming empty content in this particular field, or skip the document, or fail indexing entirely. on_file_field_error directive controls that behavior. The values it takes are:

• ignore_field, index the current document without field;
• skip_document, skip the current document but continue indexing;
• fail_index, fail indexing with an error message.

The problems that can arise are: open error, size error (file too big), and data read error. Warning messages on any problem will be given at all times, irregardless of the phase and the on_file_field_error setting.

Note that with on_file_field_error = skip_document documents will only be ignored if problems are detected during an early check phase, and not during the actual file parsing phase. indexer will open every referenced file and check its size before doing any work, and then open it again when doing actual parsing work. So in case a file goes away between these two open attempts, the document will still be indexed.

write_buffer = 4M

Write buffer size, bytes. Optional, default is 1MB. Write buffers are used to write both temporary and final index files when indexing. Larger buffers reduce the number of required disk writes. Memory for the buffers is allocated in addition to mem_limit. Note that several (currently up to 4) buffers for different files will be allocated, proportionally increasing the RAM usage.

ignore_non_plain = 1

ignore_non_plain lets you completely ignore warnings about skipping non-plain indexes. 0 (not ignoring) by default.

Using plain indexes, Manticore Search can fetch data from databases using specialized drivers or ODBC. Current drivers include:

• mysql - for MySQL/MariaDB/Percona MySQL databases
• pgsql - for PostgreSQL database
• mssql - for Microsoft SQL database
• odbc - for any database that accepts connections using ODBC

To get the data from the database, a source must be configured with type as one of the above. The source requires information about how to connect to the database and the query that will be used to fetch the data. Additional pre and post this query can also be set - either to configure session settings or to perform pre/post fetch tasks. The source also must contain definitions of data types for the columns that are fetched.